Activity 1.1.1

1.  Define civil engineering.

 Engineer trained in designing and the construction of public works

2.     Define architecture.

Engineer trained in designing and constructing buildings

3.     Describe the origination of the concept of architecture?

Came from the 19th century architect Louis Sullivan

4.     In ancient times how were building materials chosen?

With what material was around them

5.     Give two examples of vernacular architecture.

Igloo's and tepee's.

6.     Name and describe the type of system used to create many early buildings.

Post-and-Lintel 

7.     What was the purpose of the Egyptian pyramids? Mexican pyramids?

a. So that the pharaohs would have a place to be buried
b.For spiritual rituals

8.     What kind of construction method was used to build the Parthenon? Made a simple sketch to illustrate.

Post-and-Lintel

9.     What problem in architecture led to this form of construction?

Need of openings in buildings and added structural strength

10. Explain how an arch is created.

Blocks and are placed in a curved formation so that they support each other

11.  How is the vault used in civil engineering?
Vaults allow for the construction of bridges and walkways

12.  Give an example of an arch and dome system.

Roman architecture is an example of arch and dome

13.  Give an example of a modern material we have that was not available to the ancients. How did this restrict construction in ancient times?

Steel beams
They were not able to make towering buildings

14.  What was the purpose of the Roman aqueducts?

To transport fresh water from the mountains

15.  Compare ancient Greek roads to ancient Roman roads.

Greek roads were not in any particular order

Roman roads were better made and in an order

16. Describe an ancient Roman bridge.

They were supported by arches, the bigger the bridge, the more arches

17. How did building materials and methods change after the Romans?

They became more advanced and more artistic

Conclusion

1.     Give an example of a modern pyramid not shown in the presentation. How does its function differ from that of the Egyptian pyramids? What do you think accounts for this difference?

Modern pyramids are more advanced and made from different materials
the fact that we have more advanced technology

2.     Give an example of a modern structure that uses an arch and dome system.

St. Peters Dome

3.     What is the main purpose of modern roads? How is the cost of modern roadways defrayed?
For travel short and long distances faster
The cost is greater because it is made from man-made material